A holistic detail about the 12th Century Epic Poem Gita-Govinda and its influence in Indian Classical Dance
The Gita Govinda is a classical epic poem dramatizing the love sports of Krishna and Radha, written by Shri Jayadeva Goswami.
Both sacred and profane, while this 12th century text details the love play of the fickle god Krishna with Radha, Radha’s pain in separation from him, his eventual pain in separation from her, and their passionate reunion – it is also a metaphor for the cosmic drama which unfolds at macro and micro levels. Poet Jayadeva situates and establishes both these characters (Radha and Krishna) at two levels. The human level of this world, and the level of the divine. At the human level, there is the love of the man and the woman, at the divine level there is the love and separation of the human and the divine. These levels move concurrently and that is the great beauty and complexity of the poem.
In the year 1792, William Jones translated “Gita Govinda” into English.
The Gita Govinda is organized into twelve chapters.
Each chapter is further sub-divided into one or more divisions called Prabandhas, totaling twenty-four in all.
The prabandhas contain couplets grouped into eights, called Ashtapadis
Radha has been projected with a greater importance than Krishna in this work which delineates the love of both, Krishna’s faithlessness and subsequent return to Radha, and is taken as symbolical of the human soul’s straying from its true allegiance but returning at length to the God which created it.
Their recurrent separations and blissful reunions are metaphors for the separation of the soul and the Divine and their ultimate ecstasy in union.
The text also elaborates the eight moods of Heroine as per Bharata Muni's Natya Shastra (200BCE-200CE) the Ashta Nayika which has been an inspiration for many compositions and choreographic works in Indian classical dances